Ring with an asymmetrical inner surface

ABSTRACT

A ring comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and a central axis; the inner surface and the outer surface are connected by an upper surface and a lower surface; the central axis is orthogonal to the ring; the inner surface comprises an inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion; the inner top portion of the inner surface comprises an inner top circumference; the inner narrow portion of the inner surface comprises an inner narrow circumference; the inner bottom portion of the inner surface comprises an inner bottom circumference; the inner narrow circumference is less than both the inner top circumference and the inner bottom circumference; and the inner surface is configured to matingly engage with a finger of a user such that when the ring is placed on the finger it is held substantially in place and is substantially prevented from being accidentally removed from the finger.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/247,963, filed on Sep. 24, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to a functional jewelry design for a ring. More specifically, the present disclosure is related an asymmetrical interior structure of a ring, wherein the asymmetrical fit is directional, facilitating placement and removal of the ring while maintaining the ring firmly in place on a digit while it is worn.

BACKGROUND

Rings have been a common form of jewelry for centuries. They have been designed to adorn fingers, toes, and other body parts capable of containing the usually toroidal shape. They may be purely decorative, functional, or representative of different ideas, such as how a wedding band represents marriage.

Ring design presents many challenges, such as how to design a ring that comfortably fits and stays on a finger. Men especially, have large knuckles. If a ring is sized to fit through the knuckle, the ring is often too big, causing it to fall out. If a ring is sized to the finger, due to the knuckle size, the ring may be difficult to put on and take off. In addition, the true fit of a ring varies on the width of the band, the interior, and the knuckle size relative to the finger. Sizing a perfect size is difficult to do.

In addition to the knuckle and finger size variance, the interior shape also plays a role in ring sizing. The existing comfort fit often causes the ring to fall off easily during temperature fluctuations. When a finger shrinks in size during colder conditions, the ring falls off very easily due to the symmetrical curve in the interior. In hotter temperatures, the “standard” fit, which is a straight section of a ring's interior, makes it difficult for the ring to come off because of the straight profile.

Therefore, a need exists for a ring with an interior that facilitates placement and removal of the ring while firmly securing the ring when in place on the finger.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified overview of the example embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments of the example embodiments. This overview is not an extensive overview of the example embodiments. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the example embodiments nor delineate the scope of the appended claims. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the example embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented hereinbelow. It is to be understood that both the following general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive.

One embodiment of the present disclosure may be a ring structure comprising an annular body, where the annular body further comprises an internal surface facet and an external surface facet, where each of the internal surface facet and the external surface facet extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of said annular body, where the internal surface facet further comprises a top portion and a bottom portion, where both of the top portion and the bottom portion extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet, where the top portion has a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, where the bottom portion has a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and where the raised convex profile of the bottom portion may curve from a narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet outward to a widest diameter at the top portion of the internal surface facet.

In some embodiments of the ring structure, the raised convex profile of the bottom portion which may curve from the narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet outward to the widest diameter at the top portion of the internal surface facet is further configured to be directional in order to facilitate putting on and taking off the ring, while keeping the ring structure secured from falling off.

In other embodiments, the external surface facet extends concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the ring structure without variations in width. In one embodiment, the external surface facet may further comprise an ornamental design that provides an appealing visual effect. In another embodiment, the external surface facet that comprises an ornamental design that provides an appealing visual effect may further comprise an affixed precious stone or semiprecious stone. In another embodiment, the external surface facet may comprise an ornamental design that provides an appealing visual effect which further comprise at least one decorative addition. In another embodiment, the at least one decorative addition may further comprise a set of prongs which extend outwards from the external surface facet, and are configured to hold an ornamental stone. In another embodiment, the ring structure may be further comprised of a precious metal.

In another embodiment, the ring structure may comprise an annular body, wherein the annular body is configured to engage a digit, wherein when engaged with the digit, the annular body is effectively secured on said digit. Further, the annular body may have an internal surface facet and an external surface facet. Both the internal surface facet and the external surface facet may extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the annular body. The internal surface facet may further comprise a top portion and a bottom portion. Both the top portion and the bottom portion may extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet. The top portion may have a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and the bottom portion has a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction. The raised convex profile of the bottom portion may curve from a narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet outward to a widest diameter at the top portion of the internal surface facet. The internal surface facet may be configured to ensure that the annular body is effectively secured to said digit, and where the internal surface facet is configured to easily allow placement and removal of said ring structure.

A ring structure comprising an annular body that is configured to engage a digit. The annular body, once engaged with the digit, is effectively secured on the digit. The annular body further comprises an internal surface facet and an external surface facet, where each of the internal surface facet and the external surface facet extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the annular body. The internal surface facet may further comprise a top portion and a bottom portion. Both the top portion and the bottom portion may extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet. The top portion may have a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and the bottom portion has a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction. The raised convex profile of the bottom portion may curve from a narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet outward to a widest diameter at the top portion of the internal surface facet. The raised convex profile of the bottom portion which may curve from said narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet Both the internal surface facet and the external surface facet extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the annular body. The internal surface facet may further comprise a top portion and a bottom portion. Both the top portion and the bottom portion may preferably extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet. The top portion has a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and the bottom portion has a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction. The raised convex profile of the bottom portion may curve from a narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet outward to a widest diameter at the top portion of the internal surface facet outward to said widest diameter of the internal surface facet at the top portion is further configured to be directional in order to facilitate putting on and taking off the ring structure, while keeping the ring structure secured from falling off.

One embodiment may be a ring comprising an inner surface; an outer surface; and a central axis; wherein the inner surface and the outer surface may be connected by an upper surface and a lower surface; wherein the central axis may be orthogonal to the ring; wherein the inner surface may comprise an inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion; wherein the inner top portion of the inner surface may comprise an inner top circumference; wherein the inner narrow portion of the inner surface may comprise an inner narrow circumference; wherein the inner bottom portion of the inner surface may comprise an inner bottom circumference; wherein the inner narrow circumference may be less than both the inner top circumference and the inner bottom circumference; and wherein the inner surface may be configured to matingly engage with a finger of a user such that when the ring may be placed on the finger it may be held substantially in place and may be substantially prevented from being accidentally removed from the finger. The inner top circumference and the inner bottom circumference may be approximately the same. The inner narrow circumference, the inner top circumference, and the inner bottom circumference may be defined as having a radius relative to the central axis. The inner surface may be substantially smooth, such that the inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion, when viewed in a profile cross-sectional view, may be connected by one or more smooth curves. The inner narrow portion may be located approximately on a lower third portion of the inner surface. The inner narrow portion may be located approximately at a midpoint of the inner surface. The upper surface and the lower surface may be edges. The outer surface may comprise an outer circumference that may be substantially consistent. The outer surface may comprise an outer circumference that does not match the one or more smooth curves of the inner circumference.

Still other advantages, embodiments, and features of the subject disclosure will become readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following description wherein there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, simply by way of illustration of one of the best modes best suited to carry out the subject disclosure As it will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious embodiments all without departing from, or limiting, the scope herein. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings are of illustrative embodiments. They do not illustrate all embodiments. Other embodiments may be used in addition or instead. Details which may be apparent or unnecessary may be omitted to save space or for more effective illustration. Some embodiments may be practiced with additional components or steps and/or without all of the components or steps which are illustrated. When the same numeral appears in different drawings, it refers to the same or like components or steps.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of a ring structure of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a cross-section view of one embodiment of the ring structure taken in a coplanar direction.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a top perspective view of the embodiment of the ring structure.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of a ring.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description of various embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the embodiments. However, these embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still others will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. As will be realized, these embodiments are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of protection. Accordingly, the graphs, figures, and the detailed descriptions thereof, are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Also, the reference or non-reference to a particular embodiment shall not be interpreted to limit the scope of protection.

In the following description, certain terminology is used to describe certain features of one or more embodiments. For purposes of the specification, unless otherwise specified, the term “substantially” refers to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, in one embodiment, an object that is “substantially” located within a housing would mean that the object is either completely within a housing or nearly completely within a housing. The exact allowable degree of deviation from absolute completeness may in some cases depend on the specific context. However, generally speaking, the nearness of completion will be so as to have the same overall result as if absolute and total completion were obtained. The use of “substantially” is also equally applicable when used in a negative connotation to refer to the complete or near complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result.

As used herein, the terms “approximately” and/or “about” generally refer to a deviance of within 5% of the indicated number or range of numbers. In one embodiment, the term “approximately” and “about,” may refer to a deviance of between 0.0001-40% from the indicated number or range of numbers.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are signify both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word “comprise” and variations of the word, such as “comprising” and “comprises,” means “including but not limited to,” and is not intended to exclude, for example, other components, integers or steps. “Exemplary” means “an example of” and is not intended to convey an indication of a preferred or ideal embodiment. “Such as” is not used in a restrictive sense, but for explanatory purposes.

Disclosed are components that may be used to perform the disclosed methods and systems. These and other components are disclosed herein, and it is understood that when combinations, subsets, interactions, groups, etc. of these components are disclosed that while specific reference of each various individual and collective combinations and permutation of these may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein, for all methods and systems. This applies to all embodiments of this application including, but not limited to, steps in disclosed methods. Thus, if there are a variety of additional steps that may be performed it is understood that each of these additional steps may be performed with any specific embodiment or combination of embodiments of the disclosed methods.

The present methods and systems may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previous and following description.

Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that the various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to facilitate describing these embodiments. It is to be understood that the methods and systems are not limited to specific methods, specific components, or to particular implementations. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a functional jewelry design for a ring. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a functional jewelry design for the asymmetrical interior structure of a ring, where the asymmetrical fit is directional, facilitating placement and removal of the ring while maintaining the ring firmly in place on a digit while it is worn.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of a ring structure of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1 , the ring structure 100 may comprise an annular body 105, having an internal surface facet 120 and an external surface facet 110. Both the internal surface facet 120 and the external surface facet 110 may extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the annular body 105. The internal surface facet 120 may further comprise a top portion 125 and a bottom portion 130. Both of the top portion 125 and the bottom portion 130 may preferably extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet 120. The top portion 125 is shown having a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and the bottom portion 130 is shown having a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction. In some embodiments of the ring structure 100 is further configured to be directional in order to facilitate putting on and taking off the ring, while keeping the ring structure secured from falling off. In other embodiments, the external surface facet 110 may extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the ring structure without the variations in width of the internal surface facet. In one embodiment, the external surface facet 110 may further comprise an ornamental design that provides an appealing visual effect. In another embodiment, the external surface facet 110 may further comprise affixed precious or semiprecious stones. In another embodiment, the external surface facet 110 may comprise one decorative addition affixed to the external surface facet 110. In another embodiment, the decorative addition may comprise a set of prongs that extend outward from the external surface facet 110 and are configured to set or hold an ornamental stone or feature. In another embodiment, the ring structure 100 may be made from a precious metal, such as gold, silver, or platinum.

In another embodiment, the ring structure 100 may comprise an annular body 105 that is configured to engage a digit (finger or toe), such that, once engaged with the digit, the annular body 105 is effectively secured on the digit. Preferably, the internal surface facet 120, as shown, is configured to ensure that the annular body 105 is effectively secured to said digit so that the ring structure 100 stays substantially in place as desired by the wearer, but still may be easily removed, as desired by the user.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a cross-section view of one embodiment of the ring structure taken in a coplanar direction. As shown in FIG. 2 , the ring structure 100 may have an external surface facet 110 and an internal surface facet 120. The internal surface facet 120 may have a concave top portion 125 and a convex bottom portion 130. Preferably inner narrowest diameter 107 may have a diameter that is less than both inner top diameter 106 and inner bottom diameter 108. FIG. 2 shows that the ring structure 100 is configured to matingly and comfortably engage with a digit. The annular body 105, once engaged with the digit, is substantially secured to the digit such sliding on the digit is minimized and the ring structure 100 is substantially prevented from being accidentally removed (fall off) from the digit. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the raised convex profile of the bottom portion 130 may smoothly and gently curve from a narrowest diameter 107 of the internal surface facet 120 outward to a widest diameter 106 at the top portion 125 of the internal surface facet 120.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a top perspective view of the embodiment of the ring structure. As shown in FIG. 3 , the ring structure may comprise the annular body 105, having an internal surface facet 120 and an external surface facet 110. Both the internal surface facet and the external surface facet extend concentrically and continuously around the circumference of the annular body. The internal surface facet 120 may further comprise a top portion 125 and a bottom portion 130. Both the top portion 125 and the bottom portion 130 extend concentrically and continuously along the internal surface facet 120. The top portion 125 has a concave profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction, and the bottom portion 130 has a raised convex profile when a cross section perspective is taken in a coplanar direction. The raised convex profile of the bottom portion 130 may curve from a narrowest diameter of the internal surface facet 120 outward to a widest diameter at the top portion 125 of the internal surface facet 120.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of a ring. As shown in FIG. 4 , the ring 400 may comprise an inner surface 405, an outer surface 410, an upper surface 415, and a lower surface 420. As shown, the ring 400 may also comprise a central axis, around which the inner surface 405 and outer surface 410 may have defined circumferences. Preferably, the central axis is orthogonal to the ring. The ring 400 may be hollow or, as preferred, solid. The inner surface 405 and outer surface 410 may be connected on top by the upper surface 415 and below by the lower surface 420. In one embodiment, the upper surface 415 and/or lower surface 420 may be substantially any thickness, and at a minimum, may be considered edges. In one embodiment, the outer surface 410 may comprise a circumference that is substantially static, constant, and/or consistent. In one embodiment, the inner surface 405 may comprise a circumference that is variable. In one embodiment, the inner surface 405 may comprise an inner top portion 406 having an inner top circumference, an inner narrow portion 407 having an inner narrow circumference, and an inner bottom portion 408 having an inner bottom circumference. Each of these circumferences may be defined based on a central axis 430. In one embodiment, the inner narrow circumference may be smaller than either of the inner top circumference or the inner bottom circumference. Preferably, the inner surface 405 may be configured to allow a user to easily and comfortably put on and take off the ring 400 from one of their fingers. In a preferred embodiment, the inner surface may be substantially smooth and curved, rather than having sharp turns and jagged edges. As shown in FIG. 4 , the inner narrow circumference of the inner narrow portion 407 is less than both the inner top portion circumference and inner bottom portion circumference.

In one embodiment the inner narrow portion 407 may be located along a middle part of the inner surface 405. In another embodiment, the inner narrow portion 407 may be located above or below the middle part of the inner surface 405.

In one embodiment, the ring 400 may be configured to be effectively secured on a wearer's digit. This effective securement may mean that the ring 400 may be substantially held in place and substantially prevented from accidental removal. This effective securement may be facilitated by the shape of the inner surface 405 in that the inner surface has an inner narrow portion 407 that is configured to have less surface area in contact with the wearer's digit as compared to a ring that has an inner surface that is substantially consistent. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the shape of the inner surface 405 may allow the ring 400 to be relatively easily placed on a wearer's digit, while also being relatively easy to remove.

Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, locations, and other specifications, which set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable range, which is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above detailed description, which shows and describes the illustrative embodiments. As will be realized, these embodiments are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the detailed description is to be regarded. As illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Also, although not explicitly recited, one or more additional embodiments may be practiced in combination or conjunction with one another. Furthermore, the reference or non-reference to a particular embodiment shall not be interpreted to limit the scope of protection. It is intended that the scope of protection not be limited by this detailed description, but by the claims and the equivalents to the claims that are appended hereto.

Except as stated immediately above, nothing which has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A ring comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and a central axis; wherein said inner surface and said outer surface are connected by an upper surface and a lower surface; wherein said central axis is orthogonal to said ring; wherein said inner surface comprises an inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion; wherein said inner top portion of said inner surface comprises an inner top circumference; wherein said inner narrow portion of said inner surface comprises an inner narrow circumference; wherein said inner bottom portion of said inner surface comprises an inner bottom circumference; wherein said inner narrow circumference is less than both said inner top circumference and said inner bottom circumference; and wherein said inner surface is configured to matingly engage with a finger of a user such that when said ring is placed on said finger it is held substantially in place and is substantially prevented from being accidentally removed from said finger.
 2. The ring of claim 1, wherein said inner top circumference and said inner bottom circumference are approximately the same.
 3. The ring of claim 1, wherein said inner narrow circumference, said inner top circumference, and said inner bottom circumference are defined as having a radius relative to said central axis.
 4. The ring of claim 1, wherein said inner surface is substantially smooth, such that said inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion, when viewed in a profile cross-sectional view, are connected by one or more smooth curves.
 5. The ring of claim 1, wherein said inner narrow portion is located approximately on a lower third portion of said inner surface.
 6. The ring of claim 1, wherein said inner narrow portion is located approximately at a midpoint of said inner surface.
 7. The ring of claim 1, wherein said upper surface and said lower surface are edges.
 8. The ring of claim 1, wherein said outer surface comprises an outer circumference that is substantially consistent.
 9. The ring of claim 4, wherein said outer surface comprises an outer circumference that does not match said one or more smooth curves of said inner circumference.
 10. A ring structure comprising: an annular body; wherein said annular body further comprises an internal surface facet and an external surface facet; wherein each of said internal surface facet and said external surface facet extend concentrically and continuously around a circumference of said annular body; wherein said internal surface facet further comprises a top portion and a bottom portion; wherein both of said top portion and said bottom portion extend concentrically and continuously along said internal surface facet; wherein said top portion has a concave and said bottom portion is convex; wherein said convex bottom portion has a bottom portion diameter that is less than a top portion diameter of said top portion; and wherein said inner surface facet is configured to matingly engage with a finger of a user such that when said ring structure is placed on said finger it is held substantially in place and is substantially prevented from being accidentally removed from said finger.
 11. The ring structure of claim 10, wherein said inner surface facet is substantially smooth, such that said top portion and bottom portion, when viewed in a profile cross-sectional view, are connected by a smooth curve.
 12. The ring structure of claim 10, wherein said outer surface facet comprises an outer circumference that is substantially consistent across a depth.
 13. The ring structure of claim 11, wherein said outer surface facet comprises an outer circumference that does not match said smooth curve of said inner circumference across a depth.
 14. A ring comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; and a central axis; wherein said inner surface and said outer surface are connected by an upper surface and a lower surface; wherein said central axis is orthogonal to said ring; wherein said inner surface comprises an inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion; wherein said inner top portion of said inner surface comprises an inner top circumference; wherein said inner narrow portion of said inner surface comprises an inner narrow circumference; wherein said inner bottom portion of said inner surface comprises an inner bottom circumference; wherein said inner narrow circumference is less than both said inner top circumference and said inner bottom circumference; wherein said inner surface is configured to matingly engage with a finger of a user such that when said ring is placed on said finger it is held substantially in place and is substantially prevented from being accidentally removed from said finger; wherein said inner narrow circumference, said inner top circumference, and said inner bottom circumference are defined as having a radius relative to said central axis; and wherein said inner surface is substantially smooth, such that said inner top portion, inner narrow portion, and inner bottom portion, when viewed in a profile cross-sectional view, are connected by a smooth curve.
 15. The ring of claim 14, wherein said inner top circumference and said inner bottom circumference are approximately the same.
 16. The ring of claim 14, wherein said inner narrow portion is located approximately on a lower third portion of said inner surface.
 17. The ring of claim 14, wherein said inner narrow portion is located approximately at a midpoint of said inner surface.
 18. The ring of claim 14, wherein said upper surface and said lower surface are edges.
 19. The ring of claim 14, wherein said outer surface comprises an outer circumference that is substantially consistent.
 20. The ring of claim 14, wherein said outer surface comprises an outer circumference that does not match said one or more smooth curves of said inner circumference. 